NIKOLA TESLA-The father of A.C electricity

ABOUT HIM

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) is a great science legend and one of great inventor of   human history. Due to him, we cannot imagine our life without electricity. Due to him we have electric current in our home. His visionary is the main reason, where our technology is now. His greatest achievement is Poly phase alternating system, due to which the world has its lighting capacity. July 10 is known as Tesla day in new-York and other states of   USA. At 1997, Life Magazine issued, Tesla is among 100 famous people of last 1000 years. He registered more than 700 patents worldwide. He has vision of utilization solar energy and the power of sea. He foresaw interplanetary communications and satellites.

EARLY LIFE-

 Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, Lika, which was then part of  the Austo-Hungarian Empire, region of Croatia. His father, Milutin Tesla was a Serbian Orthodox Priest and his mother Djuka Mandic was an inventor in her own right of household appliances.

Tesla studied at the Realschule, Karlstadt in 1873, the Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria and the University of Prague. 1st He wanted to have his carrier with physics and mathematics. But after he decided to make his carrier with electrical technology. From his early youth time he was gifted with intense power of visualization and exceptional memory.

He began his career as an electrical engineer with a telephone company in Budapest in 1881.At that time he got the principle of induction motor. He designed dynamos, in Continental Edison Company in Paris. At Strassbourg in 1883, he built a prototype of the induction motor and ran it.

 LIFE AS AN INNOVATOR-

Nekola Tesla was coming America in 1884 to work for Thomas Edision. While improving Edison’s line dynamo at Edison’s lab at New Jersey, they had different point of view between Direct current and alternating current. Due to use of D.C power can transmitted to few mile. And Edison’s lamp was inefficient with direct current.

That’s why he decided to transmit power with ac for log distance.

He delivered the note of “A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers” to American institute of Electrical Engineer before 1888.At that year, the partnership between Tesla and George Westinghouse was begun. Westinghouse, who was also a inventor and industrialist, was deeply influenced by Nikola’s talent. At 1891 he invented   “Tesla coil”, which is today use in Television, radio or in other electronic Equipments.

At 1895, he designed worlds 1st Hydro Electric Power Plant in Niagara Falls.In 1896 Tesla constructed an instrument to receive radio waves.  He experimented with this device and transmitted radio waves from his laboratory on South 5th Avenue. to the Gerlach Hotel at 27th Street in Manhattan.  The device had a magnet which gave off intense magnetic fields up to 20,000 lines per centimeter.

In his Colorado Springs experimental station at Colorado, he was experiment the high voltage and high frequency of electricity through Tesla Coil. He created 30 feet long spark by it.He discovered terrestrial stationary waves; through it he showed that earth can be use as a conductor. He lighted 200 lamps without wires within 40 kilometers.

With finance support of J. Pierpont Morgan, Tesla built Wardenclyffe laboratory and 1st wireless signal and power transmission tower in Shore ham.Tesla's concept of wireless electricity was used to power ocean liners, destroy warships, run industry and transportation and send communications instantaneously all over the globe.

Not only in Electrical, but also he invented lots of things in other fields. Like the fluorescent light , laser beam, wireless communications, wireless transmission of electrical energy, remote control, robotics-RAY, Tesla’s turbines and vertical takeoff aircraft are his another discoveries. Tesla invented the special vacuum tube which emitted light to be used in photography.

AWARD & OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS

IN 1915, Both Tesla and Edison were nominated as winner of Nobel Prize for physics.Neither Tesla nor Edison did not receive the award.

In 1917, Tesla was awarded the Edison Medal, the most specious electrical prize in the United States.

Nikola Tesla’s name has been honored with an International Unit of Magnetic Flux Density called “Tesla."

Tesla is known as the inventor of poly-phase alternating current.

Nikola Tesla statue is located on Goat Island to give him honor for his Niagara Falls power station.

On his 75th birthday in 1931, the inventor appeared on the cover of Time Magazine. On this occasion, Tesla received congratulatory letters from more than 70 pioneers in science and engineering including Albert Einstein. These letters were mounted and presented to Tesla in the form of a testimonial volume.  

Tesla was inducted into the Inventor’s Hall of Fame in 1975.

The Nikola Tesla Award is one of the most distinguished honors presented by the Institute of Electrical Engineers. The award has been given annually since 1976.

The Nikola Tesla Corner Sign, located at the intersection of 40th Street and 6th Avenue in Manhattan, is a memorable place of this legend.

LAST TIME

He was never marriage. His total bachelor life , he was given to science.Tesla died on January 7th, 1943 in the Hotel New Yorker, where he had lived for the last ten years of his life.  He was cremated in Ardsley on the Hudson, New York. His ashes were interned in a golden sphere, Tesla’s favorite shape, on permanent display at the Tesla Museum in Belgrade along with his death mask.

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RABINDRANATH TAGORE- The Person of Thoughts

ABOUT HIM

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) is one of great poet of India and leader of Bramho samaj.

He is the 1st Non-European as a winner of Nobel Prize in Literature for his invincible verse “Gitanjali”. He is famous for his graceful writing style and magical poetry. His poem always has a traditional view of Indian culture .He is one of   creative artist of modern India. He wrote his 1st poem at the age of 8.But as considerable “Bhanusimha (Sun Lion) is his 1st poetry. He was also famously known for his great personality and dressing in west.

Not only poem, but also he was written lots of novel, stories, songs, dance-dramas and essays related to political and personal. His two compositions were chosen by two nation’s anthems: of   India “Jana Gana Mana” and Bangladesh’s “Amar Shonar Bangla”.

View of Life

Tagore was born in the Jorasanko manision in Calcutta, India. His father name is Debendranath Tagore and mother is Sarada Devi. He was the youngest among all Sarada Devi,s children. From his early stage of childhood he lost his mother and his father was travelled mostly. So he was raised mostly by servants of his family. From his childhood he was influenced by his family. Because there are his oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet and another brother Jyotindranath was a musician, composer, and and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari was also a novelist.

Due to his largely avoidance of class, his brother Hemendranath tutored him .And also give him physical  training like swim in river “Ganga”, practicing judo and wrestling ,by gymnastics. After few year he joined local Presidency collage .At 1873 he visit to Santiniketan. At which place, he got his independency and started his life without any servant. He started a school .Where he gave education about Upanishads of Hinduism. 

Because Debendranath wanted Rabindra to become barrister, that’s why he sent him England for study. At 1878 he joined at a public school in Bringhton , East Sussex. He stayed for several months, in his family own house  Medina Villas.

After few year he read law  at University College London. At 1883 he married Mrinalini Devi. They had 5 children, two of them died in childhood.

In 1890, he began managing his family estates in Shelaidaha. After 8 year he met his wife and children .As a Jamidar he mostly collects tokens. In between 1891-1895,he was written lots of stories. In “Galpaguchha”   he wrote more than 84 stories, those shows a natural view of rural Bengal of that time.

At 1901 he moved to Santiniketan, where he lost his wife and 2 children. His father died in 1905. In 1913 November he won Nobel Prize in Literature for his “Gitanjali” verse.1915 British empire granted Tagore a Knighthood. In 1921,Tagore joined Gandhi ji ,s swaraj protest.He resigned the honor of knighthood.  Tagore used his pen like a sword against British empire .At 1930 he decided to remove “abnormal caste consciousness” and un touchability from India.He wrote lots of poem and dramas for this and lead the campaign to open Guruvavoor Temple to Dalits. At the end of 1934 Tagore inspected orthodoxy and he struck. That year, an earthquake hit Bihar and thousands of people became dead. He joined Gandhiji to help people in this act of god. 

At the end of 1937, he lost his consciousness. After that he remained comatose and he never recovered until his death. Tagore died on 7 August 1941.

His Great creations

Many of poem songs,stories, novel,dramas were written by him. Among that Manasi(1890){The Ideal One},Sonar Tari (1894){The Golden Boat},Gitanjali(1910){Songs Offerings},Gitimalya(1914){Wreath of Songs} and Balaka(1916){The fight of Cranes} are his great famous poems.Raja(1910){The King of the Dark Chamber},Dakghar(1912){The Post Office},Achalayatan(1912){The Immovable},Muktadhara(1922){The Waterfall} and Raktakaravi(1926){Red Oleanders} are his famous dramas.Among his stories and novel Gora(1910){The Whiteman},Ghare-Baire(1916){The Home and The World},and Yogayog(1929){Cross Currents} are famous. His brief chat with Einstein, "Note on the Nature of Reality", is included as an appendix to the latter. Besides these, he wrote musical dramas, dance dramas, essays of all types, travel diaries, and two autobiographies, one in his middle years and the other shortly before his death in 1941. Tagore also left numerous drawings and paintings, and songs for which he wrote the music himself.

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HELEN KELLER-An Angel of strong will

Helen Adams Keller (1880-1968) was an American author, journalist, political activist and educator of America. She was the 1st deaf blind person, who got Bachelor of Arts degree. She was also member of Socialist Party of America and of Industrial Workers of the world .As a social activist, She was raised her voice against women’s suffrage, for labor right, socialism and other causes. Her birthday on June 27 is remembered as Helen Keller Day in U.S. state of Pennsylvania. “The Miracle Worker” film was based on her autobiography “The Story of my Life”, which got lots of Award .In which how Anne Sullivan, tutored her with her tremendous ideology, that was   beautifully represented.

Early Life

Helen was born to Arther H. Keller and Katherine Adams Keller. She had also a younger sister and a step brother. Keller's father had proudly served as an officer in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. After that he became a News editor of North Alabamian. Helen was born like as normal healthy child, but after 19 month she fell in illness with scarlet fever. That left her both deaf and blind.

As Keller grew into childhood, she developed a limited method of communication with her companion, Martha Washington, the young daughter of the family cook. The two had created a type of sign language, and by the time Keller was 7, they had invented more than 60 signs to communicate with each other. But Keller had become very wild and unruly during this time. She would kick and scream when angry, and giggle uncontrollably when happy. She tormented Martha and inflicted raging tantrums on her parents. Many family relatives felt she should be institutionalized.

In 1886, Keller's mother, inspired by an account in Charles Dickens' American Notes of the successful education of another deaf and blind woman, Laura Bridgman, dispatched young Helen, accompanied by her father, to seek out physician J. Julian Chisolm, an eye, ear, nose, and throat specialist in Baltimore, for advice. Chisholm referred the Kellers to Alexander Graham Bell, who was working with deaf children at the time. Bell advised them to contact the Perkins Institute for the Blind, the school where Bridgman had been educated, which was then located in South Boston. Michael Anagnos, the school's director, asked 20-year-old former student Anne Sullivan, herself visually impaired, to become Keller's instructor. 

In 1987 Anne Sullivan was Join Helen as her mentor. At first Helen refused to cooperate Sullivan’s Instruction. That’s why Sullivan decided to isolate her from her family for Helen to concentrate more on her instruction. And she succeeds. She taught her with   physical example. While Sullivan moved the lever to flush cool water over Keller's hand, she spelled out the word water on Helen's other hand. Keller understood and repeated the word in Sullivan's hand. She then pounded the ground, demanding to know its "letter name." Sullivan followed her, spelling, out the word into her hand. Keller moved to other objects with Sullivan in tow. By nightfall, she had learned 30 words.

Education

In may 1888,Keller attended the Perkins Institute for the Blind. After that Helen Keller joined Wright-Humanson School for Deaf, in 1894. At that time, Sarah Fuller taught her at Horace Mann School for the Deaf. In 1896,She went to The Cambridge School for Young Ladies. At that time she connected with famous American writer Mark Twain. With the help of Henery H. Rogers, who was a friend of Mark, She joined to Radcliffe College. In 1904, at the age of 24, Helen graduated from Radcliffe College and became 1st graduate deaf & person in Human History. With the help of Sullivan and Sullivan's future husband, John Macy, Keller wrote her first book, “The Story of My Life”. Until this time, Keller had mastered several methods of communication, including touch-lip reading, Braille, speech, typing and finger-spelling.

After some time Sullivan married to John Macy, who was an instructor of Harvard University. But because of some reason they separated.

Social &Political Activity

After graduation, she was started to link with people problems. , She campaigned against women’s suffrage, for labor right, socialism and other causes. At the time she was a celebrity Lecturer. People liked her thought. In 1915 she started to help people, who were in blindness and malnutrition with George Kessler.In1920,she became co-founder of American Civil Liberties Union.

Helen became member of socialist Party in between 1909-1921.She supported socialist party candidate Eugene V. Debs for president candidate. At that time she was one of frequent campaigner of socialist party, she wrote lots of article to inspire people with her thought.

In 1936, most specious mentor of Helen Sullivan died. After that time she felt some health problems. After Sullivan, young Poly Thompson became her mentor. In1946, Keller was appointed counselor of international relations for the American Foundation of Overseas Blind. At that time, she dedicated her life to improving the conditions of blind and the deaf-blind around the world, lecturing in more than 25 countries on the five major continents. Wherever she appeared, she brought new courage to millions of blind people with her speeches.

Last Time

After getting series strokes in 1961, she spent rest of her life in House at Connecticut. President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the United States' two highest civilian honors. In 1965 she was elected to the National Women's Hall of Fame at the New York World's Fair. She died on June 1968 during sleep. Helen Keller has most inspirable personality. What she did or achieved in her life only through her strong will power and hard work. May be she was a person with disabilities, but what she did in her life ,that made her Legend.

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SWAMI VIVEKANANDA -A LEGEND OF INDIAN YOUTH

ABOUT HIM -

Swami Vivekananda(1863-1902) was one of the most influential spiritual leaders of Vedanta philosophy. He was the chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa and was the founder of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Swami Vivekananda was the living embodiment of sacrifice and dedicated his life to the country and yearned for the progress of the poor, the helpless and the downtrodden. He showed a beacon of light to a nation that had lost faith in its ability under British rule and inspired self-confidence among Indians that they are second to none. His ringing words and masterful oratory galvanized the slumbering nation.

 CHILD HOOD-

Swami Vivekananda, or Narendranath Datta, or simply Narendra or Naren as was known during his pre-monastic days, was born to Vishwanath Datta and Bhuvaneshwari Devi on Monday, 12th January 1863, at Calcutta.

From his early life Narendranath was gifted with a multiplicity of talents and he cultivated them all. His leonine beauty was matched by his courage; he had the build of an athlete, a delightful voice, and a brilliant intellect. His interests ranged from fencing, wrestling, rowing, games, physical exercise, cooking and organizing dramas to instrumental and vocal music, love of philosophic discussion, and criticism. In all these he was an undisputed leader. These and other traits in his character soon attracted the notice of his teachers and fellow students.

His mother is a devotee of Hindu gods. He was always listened the story of The Mahabharata and Ramayana. And that created a inspiration for him in future.

HIS COLLAGE LIFE-

In 1879, Narendra passed matriculation and entered Presidency College, Calcutta. After one year, he joined the Scottish Church College, Calcutta and studied philosophy. He is an extra-ordinary talented student.

At college Narendranath began to interest himself more seriously in studies. Apart from the usual college curriculum, he avidly studies western logic, the abstruse philosophy of Herbert Spencer, the systems of Kant and Schopenhauer, the mystical and analytical speculation of the Aristotelian school, the positivist philosophy of Comte, and John Stuart Mill's Three Essays on Religion. He also mastered the ancient and modern history of Europe and the English poets like Shelley and Wordsworth. He even took a course in physiology with a view to understanding the functioning of the nervous system, the brain, and the spinal cord.

The principal of his college, Professor Hastie, once remarked: "Narendra is a real genius. I have traveled far and wide, but have not yet come across a lad of his talents and possibilities even among the philosophical students in the German universities. He is bound to make his mark in life."

After studying lots of theories about different religion he had a doubt on existence of god.This made him connect with Brahmo samaj ,which was a important movement of religion in india.

But he didn’t find his answer from Brahmo samaj.

MEETING WITH GREAT RAMAKRISHNA –

SHRI RAMAKRISHNA

At dakhsineswar kali temple he met to ramakrisna paramahansha, who is a great devotee of maa kali. He asked him his unsolved question” Sir, have you seen God?" .as per reply The Ramakrushna said” Yes, answered Sri Ramakrishna, "I see Him just as I see you here, only I see Him in a much intenser sense. God can be realised; one can see and talk to Him as I am doing with you. But who cares to do so? People shed torrents of tears for their wife and children for wealth and property, but who does so for the sake of God? If one weeps sincerely for Him. He surely manifests Himself."

His word created a deep line in Narens heart. From internally he satisefied by the answer.

Apart from removing doubts from the mind of Narendra, Sri Ramakrishna won him over through his pure, unselfish love. Thus began a guru-disciple relationship which is quite unique in the history of spiritual masters.

 Narendra now became a frequent visitor to Dakshineshwar and, under the guidance of the Master, made rapid strides on the spiritual path. At Dakshineshwar, Narendra also met several young men who were devoted to Sri Ramakrishna, and they all became close friends.

DELICATE SITUETION OF LIFE-

In 1884, Vishwanath Datta (Narendranath's father) suddenly passed away, plunging the whole family into grief and poverty. He was the only earning member of the family, and being of a prodigal nature, he spent lavishly and left the family in debt.

Everywhere the door was slammed in his (Vivekananda's) face. Friends turned into enemies in an instant. Creditors began knocking at the door. Temptations came. Two rich women made proposals to him to end his poverty, and he turned them down with scorn. Often he went without food so that others at home might have a better share. He was face to face with realities and the world appeared to him to be the creation of a devil.

In this  circumstances, he decided to become a monk, renouncing the world. In the middle of 1885. Sri Ramakrishna developed cancer in the throat. For better treatment he was taken to a rented garden house at Cossipore, a northern suburb of Calcutta. The young disciples, under the leadership of Narendranath, took charge of nursing the Master. Sri Ramakrishna passed away on 16th August 1886.

After his death Narendra and a core group of Ramakrishna's disciples took vows to become monks and renounce everything, and started living in a supposedly haunted house in Baranagore.

Between the closing of 1888, when Narendranath first left on his temporary excursions, and the year 1891, when he parted from his brethren alone and as an unknown beggar, "to be swallowed up in the immensity of India", there came over him a remarkable change in outlook. When he first left in 1888, it was mainly to fulfill the natural desire of an Indian monk for a life of solitude. But when he left the monastery in 1891, it was to fulfill a great destiny. 

During this time, Narendra set out on a long journey. He covered the length and breadth of the country. He visited Varanasi, Ayodhya, Agra, Vrindavan, Alwar etc. Narendra acquired the name of Swami Vivekananda during the journey. It is said that he was given the name Vivekananda by Maharaja of Khetri for his discrimination of things, good and bad.

 During his journey, Vivekananda stayed at king's palaces, as well as at the huts of the poor. He came in close contact with the cultures of different regions of India and various classes of people in India. Vivekananda observed the imbalance in society and tyranny in the name of caste. He realized the need for a national rejuvenation if India was to survive at all.

Swami Vivekananda reached Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent on December24, 1892. He swam across the sea and started meditating on a lone rock. He meditated for three days and said later that he meditated about the past, present and future of India. The rock is presently popular as Vivekananda memorial and is a major tourist destination.

SWAMI AT PARLIAMENT RELIGION-

On 31 May 1893. Swami Vivekananda went to America to attend the Conference of World Religions in Chicago. He earned wild applause for beginning his address with the famous words, "Sisters and brothers of America." Swamiji mesmerized everyone in America with his masterful oratory. Wherever he went, he dwelt at length on the greatness of Indian Culture. He spoke with spontaneous ease on every topic, be it History, Sociology, Philosophy or Literature. He deplored the malicious propaganda that had been unleashed by the Christian missionaries in India.

After the Parliament, Swamiji spent nearly three and a half years spreading Vedanta as lived and taught by Sri Ramakrishna, mostly in the eastern parts of USA and also in London.

RETURN OF NATIONAL HERO-

He returned to India in January 1897. In response to the enthusiastic welcome that he received everywhere, he delivered a series of lectures in different parts of India, which created a great stir all over the country. Through these inspiring and profoundly significant lectures Swamiji attempted to do the following:

1. To create the religious consciousness of the people and create in them pride in their cultural heritage;
2. to bring about unification of Hinduism by pointing out the common bases of its sects;
3. to focus the attention of educated people on the plight of the downtrodden masses, and to expound his plan for their uplift by the application of the principles of Practical Vedanta.

And to full-fill this objective for the future of nation Swami Vivekananda started Sri Ramakrishna Mission in 1897. . During the next two years he bought a site at Belur on the banks of the Ganga, constructed the buildings and established the Ramakrishna Math. He once again toured the West from January 1899 to December 1900.

Swami Vivekananda died on July4, 1902 at Belur Math near Calcutta.

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