Dr.A.P.J ABDUL KALAM -A SCIENCE LEGEND AND A HERO OF INDIA

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( born 15 October 1931) usually referred to as Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Indian scientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, studied physics at the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, and aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai.

Before his term as President, he worked as an Aerospace engineer with De-fence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).Kalam is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. Some scientific experts have however called Kalam a man with no authority over nuclear physics but who just carried on the works of Homi J. Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai.

CHILDHOOD -

Kalam's father was a devout Muslim, who owned boats which he rented out to local fishermen and was a good friend of Hindu religious leaders and the school teachers at Rameshwaram. APJ Abdul Kalam mentions in his biography that to support his studies, he started his career as a newspaper vendor. This was also told in the book, A Boy and His Dream: Three Stories from the Childhood of Abdul Kalam by Vinita Krishna.But he never excuse his study for his poor background.

EDUCATION -

Kalam has primary education in the Rameswaram Elementary School.At the age of 15 he joined the Schwartz High School in Ramanathapuram.Teachers at the Schwartz High School were very gentle and encouraged him to do something very special in life.Mr.Soloman would often tell to his students not to get disappointed at the failures and said we must learn a lesson from a mistakes and failure.Kalam was one of the favorite student of Mr.Soloman.Abdul Kalam completed his high school education at the Schwartz High School,and then joined St.Joseph’s College,Tiruchchirappalli,in 1950 at the age of 19.

              During his time in St.Joseph College,he shared his room with two other students from different religious backgrounds.In spite of this,these students were very cooperative and helpful to each other.Kalam lived in St.Joseph’s College for four years.While living in St.Joseph’s college,Kalam came very close to the revered Father T.N Sequeira,who used to teach English,it was due to Sequeria that Kalam began to like English literature and started reading Tolstoy,Scott,Milton,Hardy,and so on.Kalam even wrote some poems in Tamil and English.

After graduating from St.Joseph,s College,Kalam joined the Madras Institute of Technology(MIT)He managed to get his name published among the successful candidates,but admission at the MIT was not so easy.He had to have around Rs.1000 rupees for the admission fee into the college and his father was unable to find that much money.This made Kalam feel hopeless and unable to find that much money.This made Kalam feel hopeless and unable  to think which way to turn for help.But luckily his sister Zohara came to the rescue and she mortgaged her bangles and her necklaces and gave the money to Kalam.Zohara had total confidence in the success of her brother ,she would often say that one day her brother would be a great man -and she was proved right.Kalam was indebted to his sister for her timely assistance and he vowed to pay off the debt and get all the bangles and necklaces back with his own earnings one day.

CARRIER AS A AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER -

After passing out as a graduate aeronautical engineer, Kalam joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bangalore as a trainee and later joined as a technical assistant in the Directorate of Technical Development and Production of the Ministry of Defence. In the 1960's Kalam joined the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre at Thumba in Kerala. He played a major role in the centre's evolution to a key hub of space research in India, helping to develop the country's first indigenous satellite-launch vehicle. During 1963-82, he served the ISRO in various capacities. In 1982, he rejoined DRDO as Director, and conceived the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) for five indigenous missiles. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has established an Advanced Technology Research Centre, called 'Research Centre Imarat' to undertake development in futuristic missile technology areas. He also served as the Principal Scientific Adviser to the De-fence minister and later the Government of India. After retiring from the post Dr. Kalam joined Annamalai University till he became the President in January 2002.

THE PRESIDENT Dr.ABDUL KALAM-

Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. He served from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.

AWARDS OF Dr. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM-

He is a member of Indian National Academy of Sciences, Astronautical Society of India and many other professional bodies. Dr. APJ abdul Kalam has been awarded Padma Bhushan in 1981, Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and India's Highest civilian Award 'The Bharat Ratna' in 1997. Other prestigious awards include Dr.Biren Roy Space Award, Om Prakash Basin Award for Science and Technology, National Nehru Award, Arya Bhatta Award etc. Dr. Kalam was conferred with the degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc. Honoris-causa) by twenty eight universities.

SOME UN-KNOWN THINGS ABOUT Dr.KALAM-

Dr. Kalam, a bachelor is a connoisseur of classical Carnatic music. He plays veena in his leisure. He writes poetry in Tamil, his mother tongue. Seventeen of his poems were translated into English and published in 1994 as a book entitled 'My Journey'. He reads the Quran and the Bhagavad Gita with equal devotion. He is also the Author of the books 'India 2020 : A vision for the New Millennium'(1998 with YS Rajan), 'Wings of Fire : an Autobiography' and 'Ignited Minds – unleashing the power with Dr. Kalam, a bachelor is a connoisseur of classical Carnatic music. He plays veena in his leisure. He writes poetry in Tamil, his mother tongue. Seventeen of his poems were translated into English and published in 1994 as a book entitled 'My Journey'. He reads the Quran and the Bhagavad Gita with equal devotion India'.

His favorite poem is "THE VISION" to which he recited in parliament..

Books to which was written by him

1. Wings of Fire: An Autobiography of APJ Abdul Kalam.

2. Scientist to President by Dr. Kalam.

3. Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power within India by Dr. Kalam.

4. India 2020: A Vision for New Millennium by Dr. Kalam.

5. India-my-Dream by Dr. Kalam.

6. Envisioning an Empowered Nation: Technology for Societal Transformation by Dr. Kalam.

7. Guiding Souls: Dialogues on the Purpose of Life by Dr.Kalam.

8. Children Ask Kalam by Dr. Kalam.

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NELSON MANDELA-A LEGENDARY PEACE MAKER

ABOUT HIM- 

Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)  ,a worlds legendary peace maker and a hero of  his nation south-africa.He is mostly a world,s theme changer.his struggling life to protect  about people,s legacy makes him precious. He sacrificed his private life and his youth for his people. Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942. For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, nonviolent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies.  In 1993, Mandela and South African President F.W. de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to dismantle the country's apartheid system.

1994 became the first black president of South Africa, forming a multi-ethic government to oversee the country’s transition.After retiring from politics in 1999,he continued his work for peace and social justice in his own nation and around the world until his death in 2013 at the age of 95.

CHILD-HOOD- 

Rolihlahla(his actual born name) Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo, Transkei, on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counselor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni.

Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.

EDUCATIONAL LIFE -

He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher Miss Mdingane gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom to give all school children “Christian” names.

He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated.

Nelson Mandela began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was expelled for joining in a student protest.

He completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his graduation in 1943.

On his return to the Great Place at Mqhekezweni the King was furious and said if he didn’t return to Fort Hare he would arrange wives for him and his cousin Justice. They ran away to Johannesburg instead, arriving there in 1941. There he worked as a mine security officer and after meeting Walter Sisulu, an estate agent, he was introduced to Lazer Sidelsky. He then did his articles through a firm of attorneys, Witkin Eidelman and Sidelsky.

Meanwhile he began studying for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. By his own admission he was a poor student and left the university in 1952 without graduating. He only started studying again through the University of London after his imprisonment in 1962 but also did not complete that degree.

In 1989, while in the last months of his imprisonment, he obtained an LLB through the University of South Africa. He graduated in absentia at a ceremony in Cape Town.

POLITICAL CARRIER AND IMPRISONMENT-

Nelson Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League.

 Within the ANC, a small group of young Africans banded together, calling themselves the African National Congress Youth League. Their goal was to transform the ANC into a mass grassroots movement, deriving strength from millions of rural peasants and working people who had no voice under the current regime. Specifically, the group believed that the ANC's old tactics of polite

petitioning were ineffective.

 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party, which introduced a formal system of racial classification and segregation—apartheid—that restricted nonwhites’ basic rights and barred them from government while maintaining white minority rule. The following year, the ANC adopted the ANCYL’s plan to achieve full citizenship for all South Africans through boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and other nonviolent methods. 

At the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time because he helped lead the ANC’s 1952 Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws, traveling across the country to organize protests against discriminatory policies, and promoted the manifesto known as the Freedom Charter, ratified by the Congress of the People in 1955. Also in 1952, Mandela and Tambo opened South Africa’s first black law firm, which offered free or low-cost legal counsel to those affected by apartheid legislation.

Nelson Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop on 5 December 1955, which led to the 1956 Treason Trial. Men and women of all races found themselves in the dock in the marathon trial that only ended when the last 28 accused, including Mandela were acquitted on 29 March 1961.

in 1961, Mandela, who was formerly committed to nonviolent protest, began to believe that armed struggle was the only way to achieve change. He subsequently co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe, also known as MK, an armed offshoot of the ANC dedicated to sabotage and guerilla war tactics to end apartheid. In 1961, Mandela orchestrated a three-day national workers' strike. He was arrested for leading the strike the following year, and was sentenced to five years in prison. In 1963, Mandela was brought to trial again. This time, he and 10 other ANC leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment for political offenses, including sabotage.

 While facing the death penalty his words to the court at the end of his famous ‘Speech from the Dock’ on 20 April 1964 became immortalized:

“I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

 On 11 June 1964 Nelson Mandela and seven other accused: Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Denis Goldberg, Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni were convicted and the next day were sentenced to life imprisonment. Denis Goldberg was sent to Pretoria Prison because he was white, while the others went to Robben Island.

LIFE BEHIND THE BARS-

Nelson Mandela spent the first 18 of his 27 years in jail at the brutal Robben Island Prison, a former leper colony off the coast of Cape Town, where he was confined to a small cell without a bed or plumbing and compelled to do hard labor in a lime quarry. As a black political prisoner, he received scantier rations and fewer privileges than other inmates. He was only allowed to see his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela.

 Mandela and his fellow prisoners were routinely subjected to inhumane punishments for the slightest of offenses; among other atrocities, there were reports of guards burying inmates in the ground up to their necks and urinating on them.

Nelson Mandela’s mother died in 1968 and his eldest son Thembi in 1969. He was not allowed to attend their funerals.

On 31 March 1982 Nelson Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town with Sisulu, Mhlaba and Mlangeni. Kathrada joined them in October. When he returned to the prison in November 1985 after prostate surgery Nelson Mandela was held alone. Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee visited him in hospital. Later Nelson Mandela initiated talks about an ultimate meeting

between the apartheid government and the ANC. 

On 12 August 1988 he was taken to hospital where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. After more than three months in two hospitals he was transferred on 7 December 1988 to a house at Victor Verster Prison near Paarl where he spent his last 14 months of imprisonment. He was released from its gates on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC and the PAC and nearly four months after the release of his remaining Rivonia comrades. Throughout his imprisonment he had rejected at least three conditional offers of release.

A STEP TOWARDS PRESIDENCY- 

In 1991, Mandela was elected president of the African National Congress, with lifelong friend and colleague Oliver Tambo serving as national chairperson. Mandela continued to negotiate with President F.W. de Klerk toward the country's first multiracial elections. White South Africans were willing to share power, but many black South Africans wanted a complete transfer of power. The negotiations were often strained and news of violent eruptions, including the assassination of ANC leader Chris Hani, continued throughout the country. Mandela had to keep a delicate balance of political pressure and intense negotiations amid the demonstrations and armed resistance.

In 1993, Mandela and President de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their work toward dismantling apartheid. And due in no small part to their work, negotiations between black and white South Africans prevailed: On April 27, 1994, South Africa held its first democratic elections. Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as the country's first black president on May 10, 1994, at the age of 77, with de Klerk as his first deputy.

Also in 1994, Mandela published an autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, much of which he had secretly written while in prison. The following year, he was awarded the Order of Merit.

As president, Mandela established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate human rights and political violations committed by both supporters and opponents of apartheid between 1960 and 1994. He also introduced numerous social and economic programs designed to improve the living standards of South Africa’s black population. In 1996 Mandela presided over the enactment of a new South African constitution, which established a strong central government based on majority rule and prohibited discrimination against minorities, including whites.

Improving race relations, discouraging blacks from retaliating against the white minority and building a new international image of a united South Africa were central to President Mandela’s agenda. To these ends, he formed a multiracial “Government of National Unity” and proclaimed the country a “rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world.” In a gesture seen as a major step toward reconciliation, he encouraged blacks and whites alike to rally around the predominantly Afrikaner national rugby team when South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup.

True to his promise Nelson Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President. He continued to work with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund he set up in 1995 and established the Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation.

In April 2007 his grandson Mandla Mandela was installed as head of the Mvezo Traditional Council at a ceremony at the Mvezo Great Place.

Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all who are oppressed and deprived; and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation.

He died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.

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MAHATMA GANDHI-THE LEGEND OF PEACE

ABOUT HIM-

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi known as Mahatma Gandhi (Mahatma means Great soul) also known as father of India. He is a patriots, and became a leader for Indian independence movement. He used Non-violence way as a weapon against British Government for Indian independence. He was also ordinary person like us but his great willingness and his moral sensibility make him a Legend. His genius, so to speak, was an infinite capacity for taking pains in fulfillment of a restless moral urge. His life was one continuous striving, an unremitting sadhana, a relentless search for truth, not abstract or metaphysical truth, but such truth as can be realized in human relations. For Gandhi in "Generations to come, it may be, will scarce believe", wrote Einstein, "that such a one as this, ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth."

EARLY LIFE-

MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, a small town on the western coast of India, which was then one of the many tiny states in Kathiawar. He was born in middle class family of Vaishya caste. His grandfather had risen to be the Dewan or Prime Minister of Porbandar and was succeeded by his son Karamchand who was the father of Mohandas. Putlibai, Mohandas's mother, was a saintly character, gentle and devout, and left a deep impress on her son's mind.

Mohandas went to an elementary school in Porbandar. He was seven when his family moved to Rajkot, another state in Kathiawar, where his father became Dewan. There he attended a primary school and later joined a high school. Though conscientious he was a "mediocre student" and was excessively shy and timid. He was pure vegetarian, but for a patriotic thought once eat meat.

While he was still in high school, he was married, at the age of thirteen, to Kasturbai who was also of the same age.

YOUNG LIFE AND HIGHER EDUCATION-

After matriculating from the high school, Mohandas joined the Samaldas College in Bhavnagar, his father had died in 1885. By suggestion of a relative he was gone to study for barrister to England for three years. He sailed on September 4, 1888, for Southampton-aged eighteen. A few months earlier Kasturbai had borne him a son.

On 1st year he had some problem to adjust mainly with his food. But he found a vegetarian restaurant in Farringdon Street.

On the end of   2nd year he was introduced to Sir Edwin Arnold's translation in English verse of the Gita-The Song Celestial priceless worth. And he started to read it regularly.

About the same time a Christian friend whom he had met in a vegetarian boarding house introduced him to the Bible. He found it difficult to wade through the Old Testament which put him to sleep, but he fell in love with the New Testament and specially with the Sermon on the Mount. He also read Sir Edwin Arnold's rendering of Buddha's life-The light of Asia-as well as the chapter on the Prophet of Islam in Carlyle's Heroes and Hero Worship. The attitude of respect for all religions and the desire to understand the best in each one of them were thus planted in his mind early in life.

Having passed his examinations Gandhi was called to the Bar on June10, 1891, and sailed for India two days later.

RETURN OF BARRISTER MOHANDAS-

When he reached Bombay he learnt to his profound sorrow that his mother had died. When he rose to argue it in the court 1st time, his nerve failed him and he could not utter a word. Having failed to establish himself in Bombay, Gandhi returned to Rajkot where he started again. In this predicament came an offer from Dada Abdulla & Co. to proceed to South Africa on their behalf to instruct their counsel in a lawsuit. Gandhi jumped at it and sailed for South Africa in April 1893.

AT SOUTH-AFRICA BEGGINING OF PATRIOT LIFE-

He rouse his tone against racial snobbishness and against the position of Indians to pay poll tax of £3.In Natalia he helped Indians against the bill of their Govt. to de franchise Indian. At that time even The Times admitted the justice of the Indian claim , and for the first time the people in India came to know of the hard lot of their compatriots in South Africa. After that he  enrolled as an advocate of the Supreme Court of Natal.

After 3year he came back for six month to India to meet his family. When plague broke out in Rajkot, Gandhi volunteered his services and visited every locality, including the quarters of the untouchables, to inspect the latrines and teach the residents better methods of sanitation.

After a short stay because of telegram from Natal he went to sail for Durban with his wife and children in November 1896. Just  a step in Durban all people are their beating ,kicking him because of a false news by their Govt. But a English lady rescued him bravely.

At 1899 during the Boer war ,with the help of Dr.Booth, he created a indan ambulance corp of 1,100 people to help Govt.

At 1907 Gandhi started satyagrah (his strike name) against the Black Act. 1908, he was arrested and sentenced to two months' simple imprisonment two time next is at September 1908. In February 1909 he was arrested a third time and sentenced to three months' hard labour. In 1911, a provisional settlement of the Asiatic question in the Transvaal brought about a suspension of the satyagraha.

At that time Supreme Court ruled that only Christian marriages were legal in South Africa, turning at one stroke all Indian marriages in South Africa invalid and all Indian wives into concubines. This provoked Indian women, including, Kasturbai, to join the struggle.

At that time almost 55000 Indian labour were in strike and other thousands of in jail. Gandhi was released and, in January 1914, a provisional agreement was arrived at between him and General Smuts and the main Indian demands were conceded. In July 1914, he sailed with his wife for England where Gokhale(Indian patriot) had called him.

Before sailing, he sent a pair of sandals he had made in jail to General Smuts as a gift. Recalling the gift twenty-five years later, the General wrote : "I have worn these sandals for many a summer since then even though I may feel that I am not worthy to stand in the shoes of so great a man."

ENLIGHTEN OF MAHATMA IN INDIA-

On his return to India in 1916, Gandhi developed his practice of non-violent civic disobedience still further, raising awareness of oppressive practices in Bihar, in 1918, which saw the local populace oppressed by their largely British masters. He also encouraged oppressed villagers to improve their own circumstances, leading peaceful strikes and protests. His fame spread, and he became widely referred to as ‘Mahatma’ or ‘Great Soul’.

As his fame spread, so his political influence increased: by 1921 he was leading the Indian National Congress, and reorganising the party’s constitution around the principle of ‘Swaraj’, or complete political independence from the British. He also instigated a boycott of British goods and institutions, and his encouragement of mass civil disobedience led to his arrest, on 10th March 1922, and trial on sedition charges, for which he served 2 years, of a 6-year prison sentence.

The Indian National Congress began to splinter during his incarceration, and he remained largely out of the public eye following his release from prison in February 1924, returning four years later, in 1928, to campaign for the granting of ‘dominion status’ to India by the British. When the British introduced a tax on salt in 1930, he famously led a 250-mile march to the sea to collect his own salt. It,s known as Dandi March in Indian independence history.Recognizing his political influence nationally, the British authorities were forced to negotiate various settlements with Gandhi over the following years, which resulted in the alleviation of poverty, granted status to the ‘untouchables’, enshrined rights for women, and led inexorably to Gandhi’s goal of ‘Swaraj’: political independence from Britain.

STEP TOWARDS IN-DEPENDENCY- 

During the first years of the Second World War, Gandhi’s mission to achieve independence from Britain reached its zenith: he saw no reason why Indians should fight for British sovereignty, in other parts of the world, when they were subjugated at home, which led to the worst instances of civil uprising under his direction, through his ‘Quit India’ movement. As a result, he was arrested on 9th August 1942, and held for two years at the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. In February 1944, 3 months before his release, his wife Kasturbai died in the same prison.

May 1944, the time of his release from prison, saw the second attempt made on his life, this time certainly led by Nathuram Godse, although the attempt was fairly half-hearted. When word reached Godse that Gandhi was staying in a hill station near Pune, recovering from his prison ordeal, he organised a group of like-minded individuals who descended on the area, and mounted a vocal anti-Gandhi protest. When invited to speak to Gandhi, Godse declined, but he attended a prayer meeting later that day, where he rushed towards Gandhi, brandishing a dagger and shouting anti-Gandhi slogans. He was overpowered swiftly by fellow worshipers, and came nowhere near achieving his goal. Godse was not prosecuted at the time.

The British plan to partition what had been British-ruled India, into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India, was vehemently opposed by Gandhi, who foresaw the problems that would result from the split. Nevertheless, the Congress Party ignored his concerns, and accepted the partition proposals put forward by the British.

Placed under increasing pressure, by his political contemporaries, to accept Partition as the only way to avoid civil war in India, Gandhi reluctantly concurred with its political necessity, and India celebrated its Independence Day on 15th August 1947. Keenly recognizing the need for political unity, Gandhi spent the next few months working tirelessly for Hindu-Muslim peace, fearing the build-up of animosity between the two fledgling states, showing remarkable prescience, given the turbulence of their relationship over the following half-century.

LOSS OF LIGHT-

On 30th January 1948, whilst Gandhi was on his way to a prayer meeting at Birla House in Delhi, Nathuram Godse managed to get close enough to him in the crowd to be able to shoot him three times in the chest, at point-blank range. Gandhi’s dying words were claimed to be “Hé Rām”(Ram is a name of hindu god ).

The nation's feeling was best expressed by Prime Minister Nehru when with a trembling voice and a heart full of grief he gave the news to the people on the radio :

"The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere and I do not quite know what to tell you and how to say it. Our beloved leader, Bapu as we call him, the father of our nation, is no more... The light has gone out, I said, and yet I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country for these many years, and the world will see it and it will give solace to innumerable hearts. For that light represented the living truth, and the eternal man was with us with his eternal truth reminding us of the right path, drawing us from error, taking this ancient country to freedom..."

Such men cannot die, for they live in their achievements.His work for human welfare makes him immortal.As a great leader of India ,he gives a new life to his country.That is the life of freedom, life of humanism.

The moral influence of his personality and of his gospel and technique of non-violence cannot be weighed in any material scale. Nor is its value limited to any particular country or generation. it is his imperishable gift to humanity.

  Literally he is a real legend of peace. 

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Charlie Chaplin-A LEGENDARY ENTERTAINER

ABOUT HIM-

Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) is a famous British actor , producer, film maker ,writer ,and also a singer .Basically he is famous as a actor.

 `THE TRAMP,`THE KID`,A WOMAN OF PARIS`,THE GOLD RUSH`,THE CIRCUS `,CITY LIGHTS`,MORDERN TIMES`,THE GREAT DICTATOR`,MONSIEUR VERDOUX`,LIME LIGHT`,A KING IN NEW-YORK`, are his great films.

 Even he was silent in film but people understand him perfectly to his character. He was famous for his innovative film making style.

 Chaplin is often compared to the other great silent comedian - Buster Keaton - however, fans have noted that while Keaton is more cynical in his act, Chaplin had a love for sentimentality and pathos.

 EARLY LIFE-

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in apoor family in London, England, on April 16th 1889. His father was a versatile vocalist and actor; and his mother, known under the stage name of Lily Harley, was an attractive actress and singer, who gained a reputation for her work in the light opera field.

Even as a child he found success as a performer, making his stage debut in 1894. His early years were spent with his mother, who had no means of income, and brother in Kenning ton. Their father provided no support for his children causing Chaplin to be sent to the workhouse at the age of seven.

When he reached the age of ten as the early death of his father and his mother was committed to a mental asylum due to a psychosis caused by syphilis and malnutrition. She remained in care until her death in 1928, leaving the young Charles and his brother Sydney to look after themselves .

Having inherited natural talents from their parents, the youngsters took to the stage as the best opportunity for a career. Charlie made his professional debut as a member of a juvenile group called "The Eight Lancashire Lads" and rapidly won popular favour as an outstanding tap dancer.

1st STAGE OF HIS CARRIER-

When   he was about twelve, he got his first chance to act in a legitimate stage show, and appeared as "Billy" the page boy, in support of William Gillette in "Sherlock Holmes".1903-6 from the age of 14, after which he worked as a mime in vaudeville theatres, until he left London for America at 1910.

He scored an immediate hit with American audiences, particularly with his characterization in a sketch entitled "A Night in an English Music Hall". When the Fred Karno troupe returned to the United States in the fall of 1912 for a repeat tour, Chaplin was offered a motion picture contract.

He signed his first film deal at the end of 1913, with Keystone pictures. His film debut was called 'Making a Living'. It was in the 1915 film, 'The Tramp', that Chaplin first appeared as the legendary entertainer, dreamy character for which he is most famous.  His initial salary was $150 a week, but his overnight success on the screen spurred other producers to start negotiations for his services.

At the completion of his Sennett contract, Chaplin moved on to the Essanay Company (1915) at a large increase. Sydney Chaplin had then arrived from England, and took his brother’s place with Keystone as their leading comedian. 

The following year Charlie was even more in demand and signed with the Mutual Film Corporation for a much larger sum to make 12 two-reel comedies. These include "The Floorwalker", "The Fireman", "The Vagabond", "One A.M." (a production in which he was the only character for the entire two reels with the exception of the entrance of a cab driver in the opening scene), "The Count", "The Pawnshop", "Behind the Screen", "The Rink", "Easy Street" (heralded as his greatest production up to that time), "The Cure", "The Immigrant" and "The Adventurer".

Chaplin's first controversy occurred during WWI when his loyalty to his native country was called into question as he lived in the US. Many British citizens called him a coward and a slacker.

STARTING OF PRODUCER /FILM MAKER LIFE-

At 1917 he decided to be a producer and started to build his own studio. This studio was situated in the heart of the residential section of Hollywood at La Brea Avenue.

Early in 1918, Chaplin entered into an agreement with First National Exhibitors’ Circuit, a new organization specially formed to exploit his pictures. His first film under this new deal was "A Dog’s Life". After this production, he turned his attention to a national tour on behalf of the war effort, following which he made a film the US government used to popularize the Liberty Loan drive: "The Bond".

In 1918, he married Mildred Harris with whom he had son Norman Spencer Chaplin, who only lived for three days. The couple divorced in 1920.

By the early 1920s, Chaplin was making his own films with actors Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks due to the establishment of Chaplin Studios and United Artists in 1919. Having control of his own films lead to classics such as 'The Kid', 'The Gold Rush', 'City Lights', 'Modern Times' and 'The Great Dictator'. These films made him the most popular and successful film star of his time. The kid in which he introduced to the screen one of the greatest child actors the world has ever known - Jackie Coogan.

During this period, Chaplin was married to Lita Grey, with whom he had sons Charles and Sydney. They had divorced by 1927. This was then followed by a brief marriage to Paulette Goodard between 1936 and 1942.

During `City lights` premier, in Los Angeles, Chaplin’s guest was Albert Einstein; while in London Bernard Shaw sat beside him.

The actor also composed the music for many of his films, most notably the song 'Smile', which he wrote for 'Modern Times' and was later covered by Nat King Cole, reaching number two in the UK charts.

When sound films appeared, Chaplin's natural terrain of silent film was eclipsed by the novelty and realism of this new technology.

In 1952, Chaplin visited Europe for the premiere of his film 'Limelight' and was not allowed to return to the US; he settled in Switzerland. He made a film, 'The King In New York', in 1957.

LAST PORTION OF HIS LIFE-

Chaplin’s versatility extended to writing, music and sports. He was the author of at least four books, "My Trip Abroad", "A Comedian Sees the World", "My Autobiography", "My Life in Pictures" as well as all of his scripts. 

An accomplished musician, though self-taught, he played a variety of instruments with equal skill and facility (playing violin and cello left-handed).

He was also a composer, having written and published many songs, among them: "Sing a Song"; "With You Dear in Bombay"; and "There’s Always One You Can’t Forget",

"Smile", "Eternally", "You are My Song", as well as the soundtracks for all his filmsCharles Chaplin was one of the rare comedians who not only financed and produced all his films (with the exception of "A Countess from Hong Kong"), but was the author, actor, director and soundtrack composer of them as well.

He was allowed to return to the US in 1972 to receive an Oscar for his services to film. Chaplin was then given a Knighthood of the British Order by the Queen in 1975.

He died in Switzerland aged 88 on Christmas day 1977.

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Sachin Tendulkars 42 Unknown facts

1. Named after legendary music director Sachin Dev Burman by his father.

2. Grew his hair and tied a band around it to copy his idol John McEnroe.was called McEnroe by his friends.

3. Wanted to be a tearing fast bowler and even went to the MRF Pace academy but head coach Dennis Lilee told him to concentrate on his batting.

4.  Has scored big runs on Indian festivals like Gokulastmi,Holi,Raksha Bandhan and Diwali.

5. Loved to have i-can-eat-more-vada-pavs-than-you competitions with cricket buddies Vinod Kambli and Salil Ankola.

6. Loves sea food. co-owns a restaurant.

7. Sydney cricket ground is his favorite ground.

8. Loves Kishore Kumar and rock group Dire Straits.Fusses over his personal stereo.

9. A ganesh devotee, he visits Siddhi Vinayak temple in the early hours of morning.

10. Wears his left pad first, has the tricolor pasted inside his kit bag.

11. Remembers every test dismissals especially the bowler who dismissed him.Likes to dunk his glucose biscuit into his tea.

12. Ambidextrous: bats with his right hand and eats and autographs with his left hand.

13. Used to sleep with his cricket gear during his junior days.

14. Refused to shoot for a soft drink ad of him smashing cricket balls with a fly swatter.he reportedly told film-maker Prahlad Kakkar "that would make me greater than the game." the ad was modified: he hit the balls with a stump.

15. A fast car friend who likes to tear down Mumbai's road at 4 am.

16. Fell from a tree on a Sunday evening during the summer vacation, when Guide was showing on national TV. His infuriated brother (and mentor) Ajit packed him off to cricket coaching class as punishment.

17.In his debut Test match, English fast bowler Alan Mullally complained that Sachin Tendulkar was batting with a bat broader than the normal willow.

18. Came back from 4 month tour of Australia after the 92 world cup and turned up to play for his college ,Kirti college in April 1992.

19. Was without a bat contract during the 1996 world cup where he emerged as the highest run-getter. A famous tyre company promptly signed him up after that.

20. His coach at Shardashram,Ramakant Achrekar used to offer a 1 rupee coin as a prize to anyone who dismissed him. If he remained not out the coin belonged to Sachin. That he still has a good bunch of those coins tells the story. Tendulkar has 13 such coins.

21. Fielded for Pakistan as substitute during a one-day practice match against India in Brabourne stadium in 1988.

22. Was a ball boy during the 1987 world cup semi final match between India and England at Wankhede.

23. The first ad he shot was for a sticking plaster.

24. In school he was once mistaken for a girl by his good friend Atul Ranade because of his long curls.

25. Amitabh Bachchan became his favorite hero after watching Deewar and Zanjeer..

26. Played tennis ball cricket and darts during rainbreaks.

27. Sang and whistled with Vinod Kambli during their 664 run stand in Harris shield in 1988 to avoid eye contact with coach's assistant, who wanted to declare while the duo wanted to bat on.

28. Teammate Praveen Amre bought him his first pair of international quality cricket shoes.

29. Was a bully at school but was kind to cats and dogs. His first captain Sunil Harshe said that he loved to pick a fight. Every time he was introduced to someone, his 1st reaction was "will I be able to beat him?"

30. Used to go fishing for tadpoles and guppy fishes in the stream that ran through the compound of Sahitya Sahwas at Bandra East.

31. Made his mother once look for a frog bhaji recipe.

32.The nanny who looked after him is now universally called Sachuchi bai.

33. Colony watchman's son Ramesh Pardhe who was his playmate, said Sachin would ask him to dip a rubber ball in water and hurl it at him. He wanted to see the wet marks left on his bat to find out whether he middle the ball correctly.

34. A prankster, he once put a hose pipe into Saurav Ganguly's room and turned the tap on. Ganguly awoke to find his gear floating. Calls Ganguly babu mashai,Saurav calls him chhota babu.

35. Sachin Tendulkar loves collecting perfumes and watches.

36. Sachin Tendulkar was the first international batsman to be given out by a third-umpire.

In 1992, on the second day of the Durban Test, a Jonty Rhodes throw caught Tendulkar short of the crease. After watching TV replays, he was adjudged out. Karl Liebenberg of South Africa was the third umpire in the match.

37. . Sachin Tendulkar went to watch the movie Roja in 1995 with a beard and disguise. It all went wrong when his glasses fell off and the crowd in the cinema hall recognized him.

38. Sachin Tendulkar once told a Marathi news channel in an interview that his weakness is `vada-pao`, a popular Maharashtrian snack.

39. Sachin Tendulkar batted in his debut Test against Pakistan wearing the pads gifted to him by Sunil Gavaskar.

40. Sachin Tendulkar was a huge fan of John McEnroe, a former tennis legend. He grew his hair and tied a band around it to copy his idol.

41. Sachin Tendulkar is himself a role model for many admirers from other sports such as tennis stars Pete Sampras and Boris Becker, and Argentina footballer Diego Maradona.

42. Sachin is so possessive about his Ferrari that wife Anjali is not allowed to drive it.

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51 Never known facts about Bill-Gates

1. Bill Gates was born William Henry Gates III, the fourth in his family to be given the name. Because his father had the suffix “II”, Bill was called by the nickname of “Trey.”

2. Gates attended the exclusive Lakeside School, one of handful schools in the US with a computer terminal at the time. Gates interest in the computer programming was such that he was excused from Math classes to pursue it.

3. Gates first computer program ever was a tic-tac-toe game.

4. Gates hacked his school program to schedule students in classes, changing the code so that he was placed in classes with “disproportionate number of interesting girls.”

5. At 17, Gates sold his first computer program, a timetable system for his high school for which he pocketed a $4,200.

6. Gates graduated from Lakeside School with a score of 1590 out of 1600, and then went to Harvard in 1973 where he met Steve Balmer.

7. As sophomore at Harvard, Gates wrote a pancake sorting algorithm which for over 30 years held the record as the fastest solution to the problem presented in a combinatorics class by Henry Lewis.

8. At Harvard he told professors that he would become a millionaire before he was 30. By 31 he was a billionaire.

9. In 1975, Gates dropped out of Harvard and joined his childhood friend Paul Allen to form a company which they named “Micro-Soft.” The hyphen fell off within a year.

10. Interestingly enough, Microsoft wasn't Bill and Paul Allen first venture. They had come together earlier to create Traf-O-Data, a company that made traffic counters built on the Intel 8008 processor.

11. In 1977 he was arrested in New Mexico for driving without license.

12. During the first five years of the company, Gates reviewed every single line of code the company shipped.

13. In the industry, Gates developed a reputation as a fierce competitor as well as not being reachable the phone or returning phone calls.

14. In an interview, Gates conceded that Control-Alt-Delete key combination to log into a PC was a mistake.

15. He paid $30.1 million at an auction in 1994 for the Codex Leichester, a collection of writing by Leonardo Da Vinci.

16. Committed in giving back most of his fortune through charity work, Gates has reportedly reserved only about $10 million for each of his children.

17. When asked why he was active on Twitter and not on Facebook, Bill Gates, who is a friend of Mark Zuckerberg, said: “The friend requests got out of hand…
”
18. To show how much he appreciated his collection of Da Vinci manuscripts, Gates said that if he would have to choose between his legacy and rescuing the writings from a burning home, he would invariably opt for the latter.

19. A money machine in the most authentic sense of the word would show that Gates makes in average about $250 per second, $15,000 per minute, and almost $20 million every day.

20. His net worth briefly surpassed $101 billion 1999, causing the media to call “centibilionaire.”

21. His wealth rival that of 40 countries put together, and not 140 countries like some people has been led to believe.

22. From 1995 through 2008, Gates was the richest man on earth, before being dethroned momentarily by Warren Buffet. In 2013, he recouped the top position after seeing his fortune increased by US$15.8 billion to US$78.5 billion.

23. Thirty-two years after dropping out of Harvard University in 2007, Gates returned to his school to receive an honorary degree, thus vindicating a promise he had made to his father to one day get his degree.

24. Towards the end of his life, Steve Jobs reportedly kept a letter from Bill Gates near his bed.

25. Through his foundation, Gates has donated over $28 billion, the largest volume of capital ever mainlined to charity.

26. Out of spite, Steve Jobs is said to have left Bill Gates waiting for an hour at the Next offices before meeting him.

Steve Jobs & Bill Gates

27. In recognition to his charitable contributions around the globe, in 2005, Gates was knighted by Queen Elizabeth of England with the KBE Order.

28. During an interview, Gates mistakenly disclosed that Mark Zuckerberg was engaged to his long-time girlfriend, Priscilla China. The claim was promptly rebutted by Facebook’s Head of Communication, Elliot Schrage.

29. Before their fallout, in the 80’s Bill Gates and Steve Jobs enjoyed going on double dates with the women they were dating at the time.


30. On December 9, 2010, Gates, investor Warren Buffett, and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook's CEO) signed the "Gates-Buffet Giving Pledge", in which they promised to donate to charity at least half of their wealth.

31. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has been criticized by the Los Angeles Times for investing in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty, polluting heavily, and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world.

32. In a Microsoft ad launched in 2008, Gates appeared, alongside Jerry Seinfeld, who engages in conversations with strangers before walking up on a discount shoe store where Gates was buying a shoe.

33. It wasn't that rare, Microsoft workers attest, that the big boss would interrupt a presentation saying: "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!"

34. In 1994, Bill married his long-time girlfriend Melinda French, with whom they have had three children: daughters Jennifer Katharine and Phoebe Adele, and son Rory John.

35. If he was a country, Gates would be the 37th richest country on earth.

36. After stepping down as Microsoft’s Chief Executive Officer in January 2000, Gates remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself.

37. After stepping down as Microsoft’s CEO, Gates purchased the video rights to the Messenger Lectures series called The Character of Physical Law, given at Cornell University by Richard Feynman in 1964.

38. Gates has been quoted as saying that he believes his wealth would have a “meaningless impact” if invested in the efforts against cancer rather than treating malaria.

39. One of the delights of his children is to tease him by singing the song ‘Billionaire’ by Bruno Mars and Travis McCoy.

40. Gates pays almost $1 million in property taxes for his home, a magnificent house overlooking Lake Washington that is estimated to be worth $125 million.

41. After being caught exploiting bugs in the OS to steal computer time, Bill Gates, Paul Allen and two other friends were banned from computer usage by the Computer Center Corporation.

42. Xanadu 2.0, Gates family mansion, boasts a 17-by-60-foot swimming pool with underground music system and a floor painted in a fossil motif.

43. Melinda was a Microsoft worker in 1987 when she met Bill Gates who would become her husband and father of her children.

44. In one of his failed predictions, Gates said that spammed email messages would be eliminated in two years, by 2004.

45. He has been quoted as saying that Microsoft would “never make a 32-bit operating system,” which the company, of course, eventually did in 1992 with the Window NT.

46. In yet another fit of short-sightedness, Gates predicted that users would never need more than 640 kilobytes of memory on their PC. He was wrong, of course.

47. What does Bill Gates, Julia Roberts, Brad Paisley and Frank Ocean have in common? They all share the same birthday, October 28.

48. Gates is known for being the king when it comes to bargaining for the best prices on vaccines.

49. Gates wife and children are not allowed to own or use an Apple product. A restriction was also put in place by Steve Balmer for his family.

50. After leaving Microsoft, Gates founded several business ventures, including Corbis, TerraPower, and Research Gate.

51. Gates is an avid Porsche collector. His collection includes a Porsche 911 convertible and a ‘88 Porsche 959 Coupe, which due to its unknown crash rating required President Clinton to sign a federal law for Gates to drive it in the U.S.

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27 MOST AMAZING FACTS OF BRUCE LEE

1. Bruce Lee had the ability to snatch a dime off a person’s open palm before they could close it, and leave a penny behind.

2. In 1962, Bruce lee landed 15 punches, a kick and knocked out his opponent in a fight that lasted only 11 seconds. 

3. Bruce Lee’s kicks were so fast that while filming for one scene in Enter the Dragon, they had to re-film it in slow motion (34 frames) so that it wouldn’t appear fake. 

4. Bruce Lee was a fan of The Great Gama, the only undefeated wrestler in the world. Great Gama’s career spanned 50 years.

5. Bruce Lee was known to be a great Cha-Cha dancer. He had won the Hong Kong Cha-Cha Championship in 1958. 

6. A statue of Bruce Lee was placed in Mostar, Bosnia because he was something that all ethnicity liked and could agree on. The statue was later vandalized and destroyed. 

7. Bruce Lee’s speed in terms of reacting + punching from a distance of three feet away was found to be around five hundredths of a second (0.05 second). 

8. Bruce Lee was a big Muhammad Ali fan and used to would watch his fights on film obsessively.

9. The San Francisco Giants eradicated their Seagull problem with a Red Tailed Hawk named “Bruce Lee”

10. Yip Man who taught Bruce Lee opened his own martial arts school so that he could afford opium.

11. Bruce Lee had the ability to catch a grain of rice in mid-air with chopsticks. 

12. Bruce Lee kicked a man so hard that it broke a bystander’s arm when the man fell into him. 

13. Bruce Lee’s last movie (Game of Death) contains footage of his actual funeral with close ups of Lee in his coffin.

14. When asked who would win in a fight to the death, Chuck Norris once said “Bruce [Lee] of course, nobody can beat him.” 

15. Bruce Lee was able to perform 50 reps of one-arm chin-ups and it has been said that he performed pushups with upto 125lb of weight on his back. He only weighed approx. 130lbs. 

16. Jackie Chan began his film career as a stuntman in the Bruce Lee films, Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon. 

17. Bruce Lee’s first notable film (Golden Gate Girl) was shot in the USA, but wasn’t released in the USA until 5 years after it was released in China. He was just 1 at that time. 

18. Bruce Lee was part German (his mother is half German). 

19. Bruce Lee was taught “wing chun” by Grandmaster “Y”Ip Man when Bruce was 13. 

20. Bruce Lee was one of Hong Kong’s most prominent child actors, with 20 movies to his name by the time he was 18.

21. There was a cultural phenomenon called Bruce ploitation, in which numerous Bruce Lee look-alikes starred in cheap knock-off movies to cash in on the obsession with Lee after he died. 

22. Bruce Lee’s secret hobby was writing poetry, and he was actually pretty good at it. 

23.JEET-KUNE-DO is his special martial art technique, which was invented by him.

24.He was so fast he could take a coin from your open hand and replace it by another before you had time to close it.

25. Bruce Lee, s father sent him to San Francisco at 18  from Hong-Kong, because he would always get in trouble with Hong-Kong police for being known as well known street fighter.

26.He had capable to make a hole in a soda-can by punching with his finger and at that time soda can were made with freaking steal.

27.He also had capable to do push-ups by his single hand ,thumb and by index finger only.

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40 UN-KNOWN FACTS OF LiONEL MESSI

1. His full name is Luis Lionel Andres Messi. The middle name of Lionel Messi, probably the greatest football player in the World is Andres; a name that is rarely used to refer to this ingenious player. The name was given by his parents who are believed to be the descendants of early Italian immigrants who settled in the Rosario region of Argentina. Only a few people refer to Messi with this name.

2.   Messi was not very healthy and nutritious in his childhood days like the other boys around. He was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency which was stopping his normal growth rate at a tender age of 11. His parents could not afford his treatment, which was $900 a month.

3. At the age of 17, he made his league debut against RCD Espanyol and became the third youngest person ever to play on Barcelona. At that time he was also the youngest player to ever score for Barcelona.

4. Messi's first contract with Barcelona was detailed out on a paper napkin! FC Barcelona sporting director Carles Rexach was so impressed with Messi's skills that he wanted to make a contract immediately and there was no paper available at that time.

5. Barcelona was so impressed with Messi's footskills that they offered to pay his medical bills and move the family to Spain just to sign him when he was 13. That probably explains why the contract was first signed on a napkin.

6. During the 2005-2006 season, Messi began being paid as a first team member.

7.  Messi holds two passports - Argentina's and Spain's. He became a Spanish citizen in September 2005.

8.  Lionel Messi also made his debut in the Spanish First Division league. Out of his seventeen League appearances he scored six goals. He scored one goal in six for the Champions League.

9. His 2005 international debut lasted 47 seconds when he received a red card after coming on as a substitute.

10. Messi inherited the No. 10 Barca jersey from another great footballer Ronaldinho in the summer of 2008.

11. In 2009, he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. He followed this up by winning the inaugural FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2010, and then again in 2011 and 2012.

12.  Messi has won six La Ligas, two Copas del Rey, five Supercopas de España, three UEFA Champions Leagues, two UEFA Super Cups and two Club World Cups.

13. Along with England's Vivian Woodward (who accomplished the feat in the early 1900s), Messi is the only player to have scored 25 goals in a calendar year during international competition with both his club and his country.

14.  He was offered a place in the national team by Spain which he did not accept.

15. Messi is the sixth youngest soccer player to score a goal in a World Cup games.

16.  One of Lionel's nicknames is "The Flea" due to his speed and agility.

17.  Clearly, impressive soccer skills runs in his family. Lionel's cousins Emanuel and Maxi Biancucchi both play for solid clubs in South America, although neither had made the leap to a premier club or senior national team.

18. Two of the musical genres that Messi enjoys listening to are Samba and Cumbi.

19. Lionel Messi is the second richest soccer player in the world with a net worth of $180 million. The most wealthiest is Cristiano Ronaldo who is worth $230 million. 

20.  Between his contract and endorsements, he makes about $128,000 per day.

21. Messi has been featured on the covers of the Pro Evolution Soccer 2009 and Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 video games. He and Fernando Torres are the faces of the Pro Evolution Soccer 2010 video game and helped out with the trailer and motion capturing.

22. Messi is the founder of the organization, Leo Messi Foundation, which helps give children the best opportunities for education and health care. His foundation, with the help of Herbalife, helps to pay for medical treatment, transportation and recuperation for children diagnosed with major medical problems.

23. Messi is also the Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF.

24. He also works for people suffering from Fragile X Syndrome (a disease related to autism).

25. On March 2013, Lionel Messi donated €600,000 ($812,000) towards the refurbishment of a children's hospital in his hometown of Rosario, Argentina. The money was used to renovate the oncology unit at the Victor J Vilela Children's Hospital, as well as paying for doctors to travel to Barcelona for training.

26.  His playing style and stature have drawn comparisons to compatriot Diego Maradona, who himself declared Messi his "successor".

27. Messi was was the first Argentinian ever to be named FIFA World Player of the Year, not Diego Maradona. However, this is due to a technicality because the award was created in 1991, at which point Maradona had begun his downward spiral after he peaked in the 1986 World Cup.

28.  He has been dating his Argentine-born girlfriend and mother of his child - Antonella Roccuzzo - since 2009.

29. His son, Thiago, was born on November 2, 2012.

30.  His infant son is already an official member of the Newell's Old Boys' supporters club. When Messi's son Thiago was just 72 hours old, Newell's Old Boys which was Messi's original club, was first in line and managed to sign the infant to a supporters club contract.

31. Lionel Messi also had the boy's name and handprints tattooed on his left calf.

32. Lionel Messi is considered by most football experts to be the best footballer of his generation.

33. Messi ranked second behind Neymar in SportsPro magazine's 2013 list of the world's most marketable athletes.

34. Messi is the first football player in history to win four FIFA/Ballons d'Or, all of which he won consecutively, as well as the first to win three European Golden Shoe awards.

35. Lionel Messi is 5′ 7″ tall (1.69 metres). With this shorter body height as compared with the average height of other football players, Lionel Messi continues to amaze the World with his unusual football tricks that tear apart the defence systems of the opponent teams. Lionel Messi is well endowed with abilities that make the ball to stick on his legs, despite the strenuous efforts by opponents to get the ball off him.

36.  Messi has been a very shy person right from his childhood and this trait continues to until even now. Apparently, it is very difficult to make him talk on the phone. Most the important messages that have to be delivered to him and received from him take place through SMS.

37. After scoring a goal, Messi typically celebrates in a calm and composed manner by simply raising both hands in the air. This gesture is to thank and pay tribute to his grandmother who was very close to him and passed away when he was 10. Messi believes she is up there and watching her from above and this is his way of showing that he would always be grateful to her.

38. His favorite pastimes include relaxing with his girlfriend and playing with his son, Thiago. He is also an avid PlayStation player.

39. Lionel Messi does not like to watch highlights of himself.

40. Japanese jeweller Ginza Takana used a cast of Messi's left foot to create a solid gold replica, weighing 25 kilograms (55 lb), which went on sale in Japan in March 2013 to raise funds for victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. It was valued at $5.25 million.

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100 GREAT LINES OF MAHATMA GANDHI

1. “That service is the noblest which is rendered for its own sake.”

2. “To Believe is something, and do not live it,is dishonest..”


3. “All true artists, whether they know it or not, create from a place of no-mind, from inner stillness.”


4.  “It has always been a mystery to me how men can feel themselves honored by the humiliation of their fellow beings.”

5. “Seven Dangers Of Human Virtue:
--> Wealth without Work
-->Pleasure without conscience
-->Knowledge without character
-->Business without ethics
-->Science without Humanity
-->Religion without sacrifice
-->Politics without Principles”

6.  “Interdependence is and ought to be as much the ideal of man as self-sufficiency. Man is a social being. Without interrelation with society he cannot realize his oneness with the universe or suppress his egotism. His social interdependence enables him to test his faith and to prove himself on the touchstone of reality.”

7.  “Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.”

8. “All humanity is one undivided and indivisible family. I cannot detach myself from the wickedest soul.”

9.  “The Best Thing To Find Yourself Is To Lose Yourself In The Service Of Others”

10.  “Even the most despotic government cannot stand except for the consent of the governed.... Immediately the subject ceases to fear the despotic force, his power is gone.”


11. “Morality is contraband in war.”

12. “Truth should be the very breath of our life. When once this state in the pilgrim's progress is reached, all other rules of correct living will come without any effort, and obedience to them will be instinctive.”

13. We must be ever courteous and patient with those who do not see eye to eye with us. We must resolutely refuse to consider our opponents as enemies.”

14.. “Truth is like a vast tree which yields more and more fruit the more you nurture it. The deeper the search in the mind of truth, the richer the discovery of the gems buried there.”

15. “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.”

16. “God, as Truth, has been for me a treasure beyond price. May He be so to every one of us.”

17. “Violence begins with the fork.”


18 “Hesitating to act because the whole vision might not be achieved, or because others do not yet share it, is an attitude that only hinders progress.”

19. “Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so.

You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.”

20. “We are constantly being astonished these days at the amazing discoveries in the field of violence. But I maintain that far more undreamt of and seemingly impossible discoveries will be made in the field of nonviolence.”


21. “Non-cooperation with evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with good.”

22. “Anger and intolerance are the twin enemies of correct understanding.”




23.“A weak man is just by accident. A strong but non-violent man is unjust by accident.”


24.“I am prepared to die, but there is no cause for which I am prepared to kill.”


25.“I believe in trusting. Trust begets trust. Suspicion is foetid and only stinks. He who trusts has never yet lost in the world.”

26.“Human language can but imperfectly describe God's ways. I am sensible of the fact that they are indescribable and inscrutable. But if mortal man will dare to describe them, he has no better medium than his own inarticulate speech.”

27.“Just as a man would not cherish living in a body other than his own, so do nations not like to live under other nations, however noble and great the latter may be.”


28. “One thing we have endeavored to observe most scrupulously, namely, never to depart from the strictest facts and, in dealing with the difficult questions that have arisen during the year, we hope that we have used the utmost moderation possible under the circumstances.”

30. “Sympathy is what you have for someone after they die, pity you have for someone when they don't have a date to the biggest dance of the year. Empathy is what I do to you when you judge me. Envy is having pity on you. Can you discern the rest for yourself?”

31. “Stoning prophets and erecting churches to their memory afterwards has been the way of the world through the ages. Today we worship Christ, but the Christ in the flesh we crucified.”


32. “In prayer it is better to have a heart without words than words without a heart.”

33. “It is also a warning. It is a warning that, if nobody reads the writing on the wall, man will be reduced to the state of the beast, which he is shaming by his manners.”

34. I look upon an increase in the power of the State with the greatest fear because, although while apparently doing good by minimizing exploitation, it does the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality which lies at the heart of all progress.”

35. “We stand on the threshold of a twilight-whether morning or evening we do not know. One is followed by the night, the other heralds the dawn.”

36.  “Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err. It passes my comprehension how human beings, be they ever so experienced and able, can delight in depriving other human beings of that precious right.”


37. “Intellect takes us along in the battle of life to a certain limit, but at the crucial moment it fails us. Faith transcends reason. It is when the horizon is the darkest and human reason is beaten down to the ground that faith shines brightest and comes to our rescue.”

38. “We do not need to proselytise either by our speech or by our writing. We can only do so really with our lives. Let our lives be open books for all to study.”


39. “The devotion of such titans of spirit as Lenin to an Ideal must bear fruit. The nobility of his selflessness will be an example through centuries to come, and his Ideal will reach perfection.”


40. “I do not believe in the doctrine of the greatest good of the greatest number. The only real, dignified, human doctrine is the greatest good of all.”


41. “Whatever you do in life will be insignificant, but it's very important that you do it. Because nobody else will.”


42. “Civilization is the encouragement of differences.”


43. “I offer you peace. I offer you love. I offer you friendship. I see your beauty. I hear your need. I feel your feelings. My wisdom flows from the Highest Source. I salute that Source in you. Let us work together for unity and love.”


44. “We should be able to refuse to live if the price of living be the torture of sentient beings.”

45.  “Every home is a university and the parents are the teachers.”


46. “If we are to make progress, we must not repeat history but make new history. We must add to inheritance left by our ancestors.”

47. “Intolerance betrays want of faith in one's cause.”


48. “Hatred ever kills, love never dies. Such is the vast difference between the two. What is obtained by love is retained for all time. What is obtained by hatred proves a burden in reality for it increases hatred."


49. “There are only two ways to live your life: as though nothing is a miracle, or as though everything is a miracle.”


50.  “Men often become what they believe themselves to be. If I believe I cannot do something, it makes me incapable of doing it. But when I believe I can, then I acquire the ability to do it even If I didn't have it in the beginning".”


51. “If you want something really important to be done you must not merely satisfy the reason, you must move the heart also.”


52. “Truth has drawn me into the field of politics; and I can say without the slightest hesitation, and yet in all humility, that those who say that religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion means.”


53. “Love is the strongest force the world possesses.”

54.  “You can't lead a true life without suffering”


55. “Sacrifice is joy.”

56.  “I have also seen children successfully surmounting the effects of an evil inheritance. That is due to purity being an inherent attribute of the soul.”


57. “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. I hold that the more helpless a creature the more entitled it is to protection by man from the cruelty of humankind.”


58. “As long as you derive inner help and comfort from anything, keep it.”

59. “It seems to me as clear as daylight that abortion would be a crime.”

60. “No culture can live, if it attempts to be exclusive.”


61. “Permanent good can never be the outcome of untruth and violence”


62. “One needs to be slow to form convictions, but once formed they must be defended against the heaviest odds.”

63. “In fact, it is more correct to say that Truth is God, than to say that God is Truth.”


64. “There's no God higher than truth.”


65. “I shall die, but I will not kill.”

66. “I can retain neither respect nor affection for government which has been moving from wrong to wrong in order to defend its immorality”


67.  “Strength of numbers is the delight of the timid. The Valiant in spirit glory in fighting alone.”

68. “I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the culture of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any”

69. “I appeal for cessation of hostilities, not because you are too exhausted to fight, but because war is bad in essence. You want to kill Nazism. You will never kill it by its indifferent adoption.”


70. “Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.”



71. “Joy lies in the fight, in the attempt, in the suffering involved, not in the victory itself”

72. “My effort should never be to undermine another's faith but to make him a better follower of his own faith.”


73.  “A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history.”


74. “All your scholarship would be in vain if at the same time you do not build your character and attain mastery over your thoughts and your actions.”


75. “Birth and death are not two different states, but they are different aspects of the same state.”


76. “What lies ahead of you & what lies behind you are nothing compared to what lies within you.”


77. “Peace between countries must rest on the solid foundation of love between individuals.”


78. “The more efficient a force is, the more silent and the more subtle it is.”

79. “A man of character will make himself worthy of any position he is given.”


80.  “But you can wake a man only if he is really asleep. No effort that you make will produce any effect upon him if he is merely pretending sleep.”

81. “I claim to be no more than the average person with less than average ability. I have not the shadow of a doubt that any man or woman can achieve what I have, if he or she would make the same effort and cultivate the same hope and faith.”


82. “One man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department. Life is one indivisible whole”


83. “Recall the face of the poorest and weakest man you have seen, and ask yourself if this step you contemplate is going to be any use to him.”

84. “Do not crave to know the views of others, nor base your intent thereon. To think independently for yourself is a sign of fearlessness.”

85. “Cowardice is impotence worse than violence. The coward desires revenge but being afraid to die, he looks to others, maybe to the government of the day, to do the work of defense for him. A coward is less than a man. He does not deserve to be a member of a society of men and women.”


86. “Many people, especially ignorant people, want to punish you for speaking the truth, for being correct, for being you. Never apologize for being correct, or for being years ahead of your time. If you’re right and you know it, speak your mind. Speak your mind. Even if you are a minority of one, the truth is still the truth.”

87.  “There are two days in the year that we cannot do anything, yesterday and tomorrow”

88. “A language is an exact reflection of the character and growth of its speakers.”

89. “Where there is fear there is no religion.”

90. “It is man's social nature which distinguishes him from the brute creation. If it is his privilege to be independent, it is equally his duty to be inter-dependent. Only an arrogant man will claim to be independent of everybody else and be self-contained.”

91. “Your tomorrow depends entirely on what you do today.”

92.  “Behavior is the mirror in which we can display our image.”

93. “A religion that takes no account of practical affairs and does not help to solve them is no religion.”

94. “Distinguish between real needs and artificial wants and control the latter.”

95.  “An unjust law is itself a species of violence. Arrest for its breach is more so.”

96. “Service which is rendered without joy helps neither the servant nor the served. But all other pleasures and possessions pale into nothingness before service which is rendered in a spirit of joy.”


97. “It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of nonviolence to cover impotence.”


98. “You yourself as much as anybody in the entire universe deserve love and affection.”


99. “Everyone holds a piece of the truth.”

100. “To believe that what has not occurred in history will not occur at all is to argue disbelief in the dignity of man.”

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